Strange history. I all over again have drawn the diagram. And only has then formulated substantive provisions of the theory on management by end results of activity. In this article I shall parse parameters of business unit and of business transaction, trying to save of branch dependence.

Perhaps, the most difficult in construction of the system of parameters in model on management of end results of activity is there is my attempt "to forget" the professional experience in programming business appendices. To me "prevents" not only (and not how many) experience, and, how many stereotypes of business in the certain lines of business of the person. Power, logistics, telecommunication, jurisprudence and so on.

So it would be desirable to measure all in token moneys, amount of produced production, structure of workers and to that similar. But I understand, that all charm of model should be made in independence of inspected parameters from specificity of activity of the person. In this case only it is possible to speak about universality of an offered technique. Otherwise it is necessary to count parrots. And so it would be desirable to think up a thermometer which could determine temperature of "body" of corporation on which it is possible to judge about health of human collective. About, whether it was received for me, you will understand, having read this article.

I have named these parameters as follows - Independent Controllable Parameters of Activity) - ICPA. I shall try to generate the system of an estimation of a state of business, abstracting from a reality of in what this business is engaged.

« The maestro gathers us to frighten or make laugh? - I do not know, that will be received » (8 1/2 Fellini). And for me - I do not know, that was received. Not the fact, that in the further articles I shall not try to correct and correct something. But on that the path of knowledge and doubt is given us by the god.

First of all, we shall start with my understanding of business. Bobrovnikov's law states: Business is a system which allows to transform the social order into profit if there is resources and in conditions of the certain social motivation.

Also it is the fact. Perhaps, the most difficult concept of my determination is the role of motivation. Nevertheless, always existed, and there will be a social motivation of business which is named the legislation.

I shall describe the understanding of business on the basis of the detailed diagram. I already published it in management to management by end results of activity. Now it is time to clear up in details that I have drawn and that terms and parameters on my scheme mean.

As we see in a figure, any business unit can be represented by the way a rectangle. Who is familiar with other notations of the system analysis will tell, that anything in it especial is not present. All the same SADT. An input, an output, management, resources. Agree. I repeat experience already accumulated by mankind in this sense. However there are differences. But about all under the order.

First of all, it is four sides of a rectangle - four sides of business: on an input - social inquiry, on an output - a product or service. To make a product or service are required resources - lower arrow. And that business worked for the good all company, is necessary the motivation - upper arrow.

Example. To make a steam locomotive, the social order is necessary for us. As the social order we shall understand potential readiness of an element (or groups) elements of companies (people) to acquire the given goods for satisfaction of the certain social needs. The steam locomotive is necessary for the transport company to transport passengers.

But only it is not enough this stimulus for production of a steam locomotive. The factory on production of steam locomotives cannot work to itself at a loss. Therefore, the factory is ready to make a steam locomotive, having received thus profit.

Actually to make a steam locomotive to factory resources are required. This iron, pig-iron, rubber, tin, the designer documentation, machine tools, melting furnaces and so on. And differently as it is possible to produce a steam locomotive?

Further it is not necessary to forget about community of people in which locomotive production functions. The melting furnace pollutes an atmosphere. It should be cleared, on it money - taxes which are deducted by locomotive factory are required. But there can be a situation at which environmental pollution can be so dangerous, that the company will forbid production of steam locomotives. It is motivation. In this example I have considered only two aspects of motivation: force (the interdiction of production) and money (taxes). There is a third aspect of motivation - belief. For example, sponsor's donations on a science and art (patronage of arts).

So, how we can describe the basic requests in business, and what parameters it can be described? Step by step, by the example of production of a steam locomotive, I shall try to explain it. More precisely, I shall describe the understanding of a problem, not excepting possibilities to challenge my suppositions.

Business query (BQ)

- business inquiries or social need. It with what any business starts. Need of the person, for example, in moving from one city in other. And if people which want to move under the same path much the steam locomotive is already necessary. That is, the need for travels of people under the certain path is generated. What parameters it is possible to describe "input" in business unit?

Formalization percent (BQ/FP)

- percent of formalising of inquiry. This parameter specifies the value of as far as the social need can be formalized. In fact frequently people cannot formulate precisely that they want. For example, I want to go on all ground, and, at the same time, on the moon. Hardly in this case it is possible to do without one steam locomotive. On the other hand, if I want two times to go in a week in adjacent city to the relatives is already formalized inquiry.

Waiting time (BQ-WT)

- a waiting time. This characteristic shows a time interval during which the social element is ready to expect satisfaction of the need. I so long waited for start of the railway between two cities that has not waited. The own automobile also has purchased. From this moment production of a steam locomotive of me any more does not interest. And so time which I am ready to expect before start in operation of the railway, it and is the value of this parameter.

Accessible resource (BQ-AR)

- accessible resources of the population which it is ready to pay for a product. It is easier to tell, that it is the price for which we are ready to acquire a product or service. For example, in percentage of its real cost. The travel expenses by rail are rather certain value. Before to start in construction the railway, probably, it is necessary to evaluate, and whether can pay the population travel. May be so, that the population will be not ready to pay for travel on our steam locomotive. And such it happens. For example, grants of the state cover inability of the population to pay those or other services.

Response (R)

- a ready product on an output of business unit. In our case is a steam locomotive. The steam locomotive is a ready product. And than to measure process of issue of a ready product?

Profit (R-P)

- the profit, obtained by business unit at satisfaction of the social order. It is the parameter I would keep without special comments, except for one. If the factory cannot receive profit by production of steam locomotives it will stop the existence (will become bankrupt). And to make steam locomotives there is nobody.

Conformity percent (R-CP)

- percent of satisfaction of the social order (than 100 % always there are less). It is a parameter characterizes a degree of satisfaction of the social order. If want - a parameter of progress. The manufactured steam locomotive does not satisfy on 100 percents of its customer. The it is more, this parameter tends to be reduced from times. For example, a cellular telephone. As soon as we have acquired it, we are very pleased with the purchase. But in due course our requests start to increase. It can concern any functional moments or external characteristics. For example, that our cellular telephone as it is possible worked from one charging accumulators or that it had smaller weight longer. We can want support EDGE or WiFi. It is important, that the exponent of satisfaction of the social order is reduced, and it is a potential for creation of new kinds of production.

Motivation (M)

- conditions which determine processes of production of products under social orders at a level of community of people. In case of production of steam locomotives of a condition of motivation form by the state. It, first of all, the legislation. However there can be state programs or public credits. It is not necessary to forget and about authoritative making motivation - for example, the order on production of a steam locomotive, under condition of maintenance by resources. Now we shall talk in more detail about « three whales » motivations. That they represent, in effect, I already wrote in the article: the Browse and classification of management systems.

Authoritarianism (M-A)

- authoritative (power) motivation of operation of business unit. At once the graph of Fear is recollected. In its community there was a simple system of motivation - any deviation from laws was punished by execution. I agree, that it was severe, but the system of motivation perfectly worked. Presently the system of punishment has made the big progress in comparison with the system of the graph of Fear.

Compromise (M-CM)

- a compromise (money) component of motivation. For example, public credits on development of road branch. On the other hand, toughening of customs duties can stimulate interstate production of any production.

Consensus (M-CS)

- a consensus (belief) a component of motivation. Perhaps, the most difficult kind of motivation. Apogee of a consensus is the national idea (for example, construction of communism). Nevertheless, this mechanism perfectly works. There are many examples in a human history when for the sake of a prime target numerous peoples refused material values. For example, during the second world war.

The remark concerning the system of motivation. As a rule, all these three kinds of motivation are always used. And their ratio determines style of management. It can concern both to corporation, and to the state, and to a consignment. About it we shall talk in other article.

Resources (R)

- the resources necessary for satisfaction of the social order. It is obvious, that resources are necessary for production of a steam locomotive: iron, rubber, machine tools, working and so on.

Material means (R-RM)

- the material resources necessary in production. Without comments.

Money resources (R-MR)

- money resources, are necessary for purchase of material resources. Without comments.

Capable to transform money into material means (BU-CT)

- ability of business unit to transform money resources into material resources. It is the important characteristic. As it shows, as far as business unit can acquire material resources in an interval of a work cycle. Actually it is in any sense a basis of documentary logistics.

Business Unit (BU)

- business unit. And now characteristics which evaluate operation of business unit from within.

Response time (BU-RT)

- hold time between obtaining of the social order and output. I already gave an example in due course waitings of production of a steam locomotive. But in that case talk went about the characteristic for social inquiry. The same characteristic shows, for what time the business unit can satisfy social inquiry. And if this time considerably exceeds a waiting time in social inquiry hardly it is necessary to make the given goods.

Transaction Cost (BU-TC)

- cost single business transaction. Really, how many there is single business transaction? How many there is a process of designing of a steam locomotive? How many there is a process of manufacturing of sprockets? How many there is a production of the boiler? Actually all production phases and managements can be divided into single acts. Cost of a finite product is received by multiplying of quantity of single acts for cost of the single act. From the point of view of increase of competitiveness deprecication single business transaction is important. Otherwise, what for the computer science and the Internet was necessary? About it I already have much written many articles.

Refusal probability (BU-RP)

- probability of default business transaction (a parameter of an accident rate). The most interesting parameter in operation of business unit from the point of view of the analysis of system catastrophes. Its value shows percent of default of the social order. For example, in a situation with Titanic, on the basis of this parameter it is possible to calculate probability of that it will sink. About it we shall talk in other my article which will be devoted to management of risks. But it will be after we shall discuss interrelation of the parameters listed in this article.

Last modified: 19.03.2006
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